Which medications are known causes of Stevens-Johnson syndrome?

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a severe mucocutaneous reaction that can be life-threatening and is often triggered by various medications. The correct answer identifies a list of medications widely recognized for their association with SJS.

Penicillins (PCNs) and sulfonamide antibiotics are both well-known triggers for SJS due to their immunological effects, which can lead to an abnormal immune response and subsequent skin and mucosal tissue damage. Phenytoin, an anticonvulsant medication, is another common culprit, as it has been documented in many cases of SJS. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), particularly certain types like ibuprofen and naproxen, have also been implicated in some cases. Phenobarbital, a barbiturate used for seizure control, is similarly associated with the development of SJS due to drug reactions.

This option highlights the importance of recognizing these specific medications as potential causes of SJS, reinforcing the clinical relevance of medication histories in patients presenting with skin rashes or mucosal involvement. In contrast, the other options listed either include medications not typically associated with SJS or do not accurately reflect the known risk factors.