United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 3 Practice Exam

In managing a diabetic foot ulcer with severe infection, the first-line treatment should focus on broad-spectrum coverage, particularly for common pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA), as well as Gram-negative bacteria and anaerobes that may be present in such infections.

The combination of vancomycin and meropenem is an optimal choice because vancomycin effectively targets MRSA and other Gram-positive organisms, while meropenem provides extensive coverage against Gram-negative bacteria, including those that are resistant to other antibiotics. This combination addresses the severe poly-microbial nature of diabetic foot infections, which often arise in the context of poor circulation and skin integrity.

In contrast, the other treatment regimens are not as comprehensive for this type of infection. Amoxicillin and azithromycin would not cover MRSA effectively, and while they provide some Gram-negative coverage, they are inadequate for severe infections. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline mainly target certain Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains but lack sufficient coverage for severe infections, especially if MRSA or anaerobic bacteria are suspected. Similarly, ciprofloxacin's efficacy is limited against anaerobes, and while it may offer some Gram-negative coverage,