What is the most serious skin hypersensitivity reaction called?

The most serious skin hypersensitivity reaction is known as Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), which is characterized by widespread skin detachment and erosion. This condition often arises as a severe reaction to medications, infections, or certain diseases, leading to extensive necrosis of the epidermis. The clinical presentation includes the rapidly progressing detachment of large areas of skin, forming painful lesions that can resemble severe burns.

The classification of TEN is based on the extent of skin involvement and can be life-threatening due to complications such as fluid loss, infection, and sepsis. The risk factors, triggers, and systemic involvement make this condition critically important, and immediate medical intervention is often required to manage complications and provide supportive care. Recognizing toxic epidermal necrolysis is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment to improve outcomes.

While Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), closely related to TEN and often considered when discussing severe cutaneous reactions, represents a less extensive form of skin detachment and is less severe in terms of mortality. Erythema multiforme, on the other hand, typically presents with target lesions and is generally considered a milder hypersensitivity reaction. Folliculitis is an inflammatory reaction primarily affecting hair follicles and does not signify