What condition is characterized by multifocal infiltrates and hilar lymphadenopathy?

Coccidioidomycosis, also known as valley fever, is caused by the inhalation of spores from the fungus Coccidioides immitis, which is found in certain parts of the southwestern United States and parts of Latin America. This fungal infection can lead to a range of pulmonary manifestations, and one of its characteristic features is the development of multifocal infiltrates on imaging tests, often accompanied by hilar lymphadenopathy.

In individuals with coccidioidomycosis, the immune response to the fungal spores can result in inflammation and granuloma formation, which manifests as infiltrates on chest X-rays or CT scans. The presence of hilar lymphadenopathy suggests that there is significant involvement of the lymphatic system due to the infection, a common occurrence in lung disorders caused by infections like coccidioidomycosis.

This specific combination of findings—multifocal infiltrates and hilar lymphadenopathy—is a key hallmark of coccidioidomycosis, making it the correct answer in this scenario.